Diarrhea is one of the most common health problems affecting young children, especially in developing countries. It is characterized by frequent, loose, or watery stools and can lead to dehydration if not managed properly. The main causes include infections from contaminated food or water, poor hygiene, and sometimes changes in diet.
Prevention starts with good hygiene. Always wash your hands and your child’s hands with soap and clean water before eating and after using the toilet. Ensure that your child drinks safe, clean water and that feeding utensils are properly washed. Exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months of life also protects babies from infections. Introduce complementary foods gradually at six months, ensuring they are well-cooked and stored safely. Regular deworming and up-to-date immunizations, especially the rotavirus vaccine, also help reduce diarrhea episodes.
When diarrhea occurs, the most important step is to prevent dehydration. Give your child Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS) after every loose stool to replace lost fluids and salts. Continue breastfeeding or giving regular feeds; do not stop food or milk. Zinc supplements (10–20 mg daily for 10–14 days) help the intestines heal faster and reduce future episodes.
Avoid giving antibiotics unless prescribed by a healthcare provider, as most diarrhea in children is viral. Watch for danger signs such as persistent vomiting, sunken eyes, dry mouth, decreased urination, lethargy, or blood in the stool. These require immediate medical attention.
With proper hygiene, safe feeding practices, and prompt rehydration, most cases of diarrhea can be prevented and managed safely at home, ensuring your child remains healthy, active, and strong.